A Note on the Use of Mixture Models for Individual Prediction     

Veronica T. Cole  Daniel J. Bauer 《Structural equation modeling》2016,23(4):615-631

Mixture models capture heterogeneity in data by decomposing the population into latent subgroups, each of which is governed by its own subgroup-specific set of parameters. Despite the flexibility and widespread use of these models, most applications have focused solely on making inferences for whole or subpopulations, rather than individual cases. This article presents a general framework for computing marginal and conditional predicted values for individuals using mixture model results. These predicted values can be used to characterize covariate effects, examine the fit of the model for specific individuals, or forecast future observations from previous ones. Two empirical examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of individual predicted values in applications of mixture models. The first example examines the relative timing of initiation of substance use using a multiple event process survival mixture model, whereas the second example evaluates changes in depressive symptoms over adolescence using a growth mixture model.  相似文献   

Behavior-Based Student Typology: A View from Student Transition from High School to College     

Mu  Lanlan  Cole  James 《Research in higher education》2019,60(8):1171-1194

Research in Higher Education - Several recent studies have successfully identified college student typologies based on individuals’ behaviors. One limitation of past studies has been their...  相似文献   

What troubles early childhood educators in New Zealand: a 20-year cross-sectional study of ethical difficulties in early childhood practice     

Sue Cherrington  Carmen Dalli 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2019,39(2):205-221

For more than 20 years, the New Zealand early childhood (EC) sector has had guidance about how to deal with situations of ethical difficulty in daily practice through the ECE Code of Ethics. This paper reports on three surveys undertaken at 10-year intervals that sought to understand EC educators’ experiences of such situations, and how they addressed them within their EC settings. An analysis of educators’ stories of ethically troubling situations from the three data-sets traced shifts and similarities in the content reported, and in how educators responded to these challenges over the two-decade period. We situate this analysis alongside changes in the New Zealand ECE policy context during the same time frame. We argue that a connection exists between the reported situations and teachers’ responses to them, and changes within the policy and professional context of daily EC practice.  相似文献   

Pattern Cue and Visual Cue Competition in a Foraging Task by Rats     

Amy Clipperton-Allen  Mark Cole  Margaux Peck  Julie Quirt 《Learning & behavior》2016,44(4):378-389

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Introduction to the Special Issue     

William R. Penuel  Michael Cole 《学习科学杂志》2016,25(4):487-496

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An Onto-Semiotic Analysis of Combinatorial Problems and the Solving Processes by University Students     

Juan?D.?GodinoEmail author  Carmen?Batanero  Rafael?Roa 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,60(1):3-36

In this paper we describe an ontological and semiotic model for mathematical knowledge, using elementary combinatorics as an example. We then apply this model to analyze the solving process of some combinatorial problems by students with high mathematical training, and show its utility in providing a semiotic explanation for the difficulty of combinatorial reasoning. We finally analyze the implications of the theoretical model and type of analysis presented for mathematics education research and practice.  相似文献   

A critical review of elaboration theory     

Brent Wilson  Peggy Cole 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1992,40(3):63-79

In this article the authors examine elaboration theory (ET), a model for sequencing and organizing courses which was developed by Charles Reigeluth and associates in the late 1970s. The purpose of the article is to offer a critique of ET based on recent cognitive research and to offer suggestions for updating the model to reflect new knowledge.Commentary by Charles Reigeluth follows this article.  相似文献   

A chronology of Hong Kong’s umbrella movement: January 2013–December 2014     

Carmen Tong 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2019,51(2):194-199

Abstract

The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong is a 79 days political protest and occupy campaigns in major areas in the city. This chronology lists the key events prior to and during the movement.  相似文献   

Recipes for fun     

Ann Cole  Carolyn Haas  Elizabeth Heller  Betty Weinberger 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1974,2(2):35-41

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Temporal integration in second-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning     

Robert C. Barnet  Robert P. Cole  Ralph R. Miller 《Learning & behavior》1997,25(2):221-233

Lick suppression experiments with rats revealed that the magnitude of both second-order conditioning (Experiment 1) and sensory preconditioning (Experiment 2) was superior when that conditioning was based on backward (US→CS) relative to forward (CS→US) first-order pairings of a CS and US. The superiority of backward relative to forward first-order conditioning on suppression to the higher order cues can be understood by assuming that the magnitude of higher order conditioning was determined by a memory representation of the higher order cues that provided information about the expected temporal location of the US. The results suggest that temporal information such as order between paired CSs and USs was encoded, preserved, and integrated with memory for the higher order stimuli. The relevance of these findings to memory integration in Pavlovian learning, the temporal coding hypothesis (Barnet, Arnold, & Miller, 1991; Matzel, Held, & Miller, 1988), backward excitatory conditioning, and the associative structure that underlies second-order Pavlovian fear conditioning are discussed.  相似文献